Anticholinergics (SAMA, LAMA)

Respiratory

Mark this drug class

Examples

ipratropium (SAMA)tiotropium (LAMA)

Prefix / Suffix: -tropium

Physiology

Acetylcholine causes bronchoconstriction and mucus secretion in the airways. Blocking this effect leads to airway relaxation.

Mechanism of Action

They block muscarinic receptors in the lungs, preventing bronchoconstriction and reducing mucus production.

Indications

COPD (first-line maintenance)
Asthma (adjunct therapy)

Side Effects / Adverse Effects

Dry mouth (reduced secretions)
Blurred vision (if sprayed into eyes)
Urinary retention (anticholinergic effect)

Contraindications

Narrow-angle glaucoma
Urinary retention

Nursing Considerations

Use regularly for maintenance, not rapid relief (slower onset than SABA)
Avoid spraying into eyes (can worsen glaucoma and cause blurred vision)
Monitor urinary output in older males (risk of urinary retention)
Often combined with SABA in acute COPD (enhances bronchodilation effect)

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Disclaimer: PharmPal Nurse is for education only and is not medical advice. Do not use it to diagnose, treat, prescribe, or make patient-care decisions; always verify with current drug references, your instructor, facility policy, and a licensed provider. In emergencies, call local emergency services.