Electrolyte Replacements

Renal & Urinary

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Examples

potassium chloridemagnesium sulfatecalcium gluconatesodium phosphate

Prefix / Suffix: mineral names vary

Physiology

Electrolytes regulate cardiac rhythm, nerve transmission, muscle contraction, fluid balance, and acid-base function. Deficits can become life-threatening.

Mechanism of Action

Replacement therapy restores serum and intracellular electrolyte levels so cells can maintain normal electrical and metabolic function.

Indications

Hypokalemia
Hypomagnesemia
Hypocalcemia
Hypophosphatemia
Replacement after GI losses, diuretics, poor intake, or refeeding risk

Side Effects / Adverse Effects

Arrhythmias if infused too rapidly
IV site burning or phlebitis
Hyperkalemia, hypermagnesemia, hypercalcemia, or hyperphosphatemia
Hypotension with rapid magnesium
Tissue injury from extravasation

Contraindications

Do not give potassium IV push
Severe renal failure without close monitoring
Existing high serum level
Incompatible IV fluids or medications

Nursing Considerations

Verify current lab level, renal function, route, concentration, and infusion rate
Use infusion pump for IV replacement
Monitor ECG for significant potassium, calcium, or magnesium abnormalities
Recheck labs after replacement
Assess IV site frequently for irritation or infiltration

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Disclaimer: PharmPal Nurse is for education only and is not medical advice. Do not use it to diagnose, treat, prescribe, or make patient-care decisions; always verify with current drug references, your instructor, facility policy, and a licensed provider. In emergencies, call local emergency services.