Bladder Antispasmodics

Renal & Urinary

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Examples

oxybutynintolterodinesolifenacinmirabegron

Prefix / Suffix: -terodine, -fenacin for some antimuscarinics

Physiology

Overactive bladder involves involuntary detrusor muscle contractions, causing urgency, frequency, and urge incontinence.

Mechanism of Action

Antimuscarinics block muscarinic receptors in the bladder to reduce detrusor contractions. Mirabegron stimulates beta-3 receptors to relax the bladder during filling.

Indications

Overactive bladder
Urge urinary incontinence
Urinary frequency and urgency
Neurogenic detrusor overactivity in selected patients

Side Effects / Adverse Effects

Dry mouth
Constipation
Blurred vision
Urinary retention
Increased blood pressure with mirabegron
Confusion in older adults with anticholinergics

Contraindications

Urinary retention
Gastric retention
Uncontrolled narrow-angle glaucoma for antimuscarinics
Severe uncontrolled hypertension with mirabegron

Nursing Considerations

Assess baseline voiding pattern and post-void retention risk
Monitor older adults for confusion and falls
Encourage bowel regimen and oral care for anticholinergic effects
Check blood pressure with mirabegron
Teach that full benefit may take several weeks

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Disclaimer: PharmPal Nurse is for education only and is not medical advice. Do not use it to diagnose, treat, prescribe, or make patient-care decisions; always verify with current drug references, your instructor, facility policy, and a licensed provider. In emergencies, call local emergency services.