Antidepressants — SSRIs

Psychiatric

Mark this drug class

Examples

fluoxetinesertralinecitalopramescitalopramparoxetine

Prefix / Suffix: No consistent suffix

Physiology

Serotonin (5-HT) regulates mood, anxiety, and sleep. Low serotonin activity is linked to depression and anxiety disorders.

Mechanism of Action

Selectively inhibit serotonin reuptake at the synapse, increasing serotonin availability.

Indications

Major depressive disorder
Generalized anxiety disorder
Obsessive-compulsive disorder
Panic disorder
PTSD

Side Effects / Adverse Effects

GI upset (nausea, diarrhea — common early)
Sexual dysfunction
Insomnia or somnolence
Weight changes
Serotonin syndrome (with other serotonergic drugs)
Increased suicide risk in young adults (black box warning)

Contraindications

Concurrent MAOI use (wait 14 days)
Hypersensitivity

Nursing Considerations

Takes 4–6 weeks for full therapeutic effect — encourage adherence
Monitor for suicidal ideation, especially in first weeks and in young adults
Do not stop abruptly — taper to avoid discontinuation syndrome (flu-like, dizziness)
Watch for serotonin syndrome (hyperthermia, agitation, tremor, hyperreflexia)
Avoid combining with MAOIs, triptans, St. John's wort
Take in the morning if causing insomnia

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Disclaimer: PharmPal Nurse is for education only and is not medical advice. Do not use it to diagnose, treat, prescribe, or make patient-care decisions; always verify with current drug references, your instructor, facility policy, and a licensed provider. In emergencies, call local emergency services.