CNS Stimulants (for ADHD)

Psychiatric

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Examples

methylphenidate (Ritalin, Concerta)amphetamine/dextroamphetamine (Adderall)lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse)atomoxetine (non-stimulant)

Prefix / Suffix: No consistent suffix

Physiology

ADHD involves underactivity of dopamine and norepinephrine in brain regions controlling attention and impulse control.

Mechanism of Action

Stimulants increase release and block reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine. Atomoxetine selectively inhibits norepinephrine reuptake.

Indications

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Narcolepsy

Side Effects / Adverse Effects

Insomnia, decreased appetite, weight loss
Tachycardia, hypertension
Growth suppression in children
Dependence and abuse potential (stimulants — Schedule II)
Atomoxetine: increased suicide risk in adolescents (black box)

Contraindications

Cardiovascular disease, hypertension
Hyperthyroidism
History of substance abuse
Concurrent MAOI use

Nursing Considerations

Give early in day (last dose by mid-afternoon) to prevent insomnia
Monitor weight, height, and growth in children
Monitor BP and heart rate at baseline and periodically
Schedule II — secure storage, accurate counts, refills require new prescription
Encourage scheduled meals to maintain nutrition
Atomoxetine: monitor for suicidal ideation, especially in adolescents
Combine with behavioral therapy for best outcomes

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Disclaimer: PharmPal Nurse is for education only and is not medical advice. Do not use it to diagnose, treat, prescribe, or make patient-care decisions; always verify with current drug references, your instructor, facility policy, and a licensed provider. In emergencies, call local emergency services.