Anxiolytics — Non-Benzodiazepines (Buspirone)

Psychiatric

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Examples

buspironehydroxyzine

Prefix / Suffix: No consistent suffix

Physiology

Chronic anxiety disorders benefit from non-sedating, non-addictive options. Buspirone modulates serotonin without GABA effects.

Mechanism of Action

Buspirone is a partial 5-HT1A receptor agonist, providing anxiolysis without sedation or dependence. Hydroxyzine is an H1 antihistamine with calming effects.

Indications

Generalized anxiety disorder (chronic management — buspirone)
Anxiety with allergic conditions (hydroxyzine)
Pre-procedural anxiety

Side Effects / Adverse Effects

Buspirone: dizziness, headache, nausea (mild)
Hydroxyzine: sedation, dry mouth, anticholinergic effects
Buspirone: minimal sedation, no respiratory depression, no dependence

Contraindications

Concurrent MAOI use (buspirone)
Severe hepatic/renal impairment
Narrow-angle glaucoma (hydroxyzine)

Nursing Considerations

Buspirone takes 2–4 weeks for full effect — not for acute anxiety
No dependence risk with buspirone — preferred for long-term anxiety
Educate that buspirone won't work as PRN — must take consistently
Avoid grapefruit juice with buspirone (increases levels)
Hydroxyzine: caution about sedation and driving

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