Immunosuppressants

Oncology & Immunology

Mark this drug class

Examples

tacrolimuscyclosporinemycophenolateazathioprinesirolimus

Prefix / Suffix: -limus for some; -sporine

Physiology

The immune system can damage transplanted organs or attack the body's own tissues. Immunosuppressants reduce immune activation but increase infection risk.

Mechanism of Action

They inhibit T-cell activation, cytokine signaling, lymphocyte proliferation, or purine synthesis depending on the agent.

Indications

Transplant rejection prevention
Autoimmune disease control
Inflammatory bowel disease for selected agents
Severe dermatologic or rheumatologic disease

Side Effects / Adverse Effects

Infection risk
Nephrotoxicity with calcineurin inhibitors
Hypertension
Tremor
Bone marrow suppression
Malignancy risk with long-term use

Contraindications

Active serious infection when possible to hold
Pregnancy concerns with mycophenolate
Severe renal/hepatic dysfunction depending on drug
Live vaccines during significant immunosuppression

Nursing Considerations

Monitor drug trough levels for tacrolimus/cyclosporine when ordered
Check renal function, liver function, CBC, blood pressure, and glucose
Teach strict adherence and not to skip doses
Avoid grapefruit with calcineurin inhibitors
Report fever, sore throat, wounds, or unusual fatigue promptly

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Disclaimer: PharmPal Nurse is for education only and is not medical advice. Do not use it to diagnose, treat, prescribe, or make patient-care decisions; always verify with current drug references, your instructor, facility policy, and a licensed provider. In emergencies, call local emergency services.