Rho(D) Immune Globulin (RhoGAM)

Maternity & Reproductive

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Examples

Rho(D) immune globulin

Prefix / Suffix: RhoGAM is a brand name

Physiology

An Rh-negative mother can form antibodies if exposed to Rh-positive fetal blood. Those antibodies can attack red blood cells in a future Rh-positive pregnancy.

Mechanism of Action

Rho(D) immune globulin binds fetal Rh-positive red blood cells in maternal circulation before the mother's immune system can become sensitized.

Indications

Rh-negative, unsensitized pregnant patient at around 28 weeks
Within 72 hours postpartum if infant is Rh-positive
After miscarriage, abortion, ectopic pregnancy, amniocentesis, trauma, or bleeding events

Side Effects / Adverse Effects

Injection-site soreness
Mild fever
Malaise
Rare hypersensitivity reaction

Contraindications

Rh-positive patient
Patient already sensitized with positive antibody screen
History of severe reaction to immune globulin unless specialist-directed

Nursing Considerations

Verify maternal blood type and antibody screen before giving
Confirm infant Rh status postpartum when applicable
Give within the ordered time window, commonly within 72 hours of exposure
Document lot number, dose, route, and site
Teach that it protects future pregnancies and is not a vaccine for the baby

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