Magnesium Sulfate

Maternity & Reproductive

Mark this drug class

Examples

magnesium sulfate

Prefix / Suffix: magnesium

Physiology

Magnesium affects neuromuscular transmission and smooth muscle activity. In obstetrics it is most important for seizure prevention in preeclampsia and fetal neuroprotection in very preterm birth.

Mechanism of Action

It depresses CNS excitability and reduces acetylcholine release at neuromuscular junctions, decreasing seizure risk and relaxing smooth muscle.

Indications

Seizure prophylaxis in preeclampsia
Treatment of eclampsia
Fetal neuroprotection before very preterm delivery
Sometimes used as a tocolytic depending on protocol

Side Effects / Adverse Effects

Flushing, warmth, nausea
Lethargy and muscle weakness
Loss of deep tendon reflexes
Respiratory depression
Cardiac arrest with severe toxicity

Contraindications

Myasthenia gravis
Severe renal failure without close monitoring
Heart block
Hypocalcemia or conditions increasing risk of toxicity

Nursing Considerations

Monitor respirations, oxygen saturation, level of consciousness, reflexes, and urine output
Hold and notify provider if respirations are low, reflexes absent, or urine output decreases
Keep calcium gluconate available as the antidote
Use an infusion pump and independent double-check per policy
Monitor fetal status and maternal blood pressure closely

Ask PharmPal Nurse

Your AI tutor for Magnesium Sulfate

Ask me anything about this drug class.

Disclaimer: PharmPal Nurse is for education only and is not medical advice. Do not use it to diagnose, treat, prescribe, or make patient-care decisions; always verify with current drug references, your instructor, facility policy, and a licensed provider. In emergencies, call local emergency services.