Lactation Medications

Maternity & Reproductive

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Examples

metoclopramidedomperidonecabergolinebromocriptine

Prefix / Suffix: No consistent suffix

Physiology

Lactation is driven mainly by prolactin for milk production and oxytocin for milk letdown. Some medications increase prolactin while others suppress it.

Mechanism of Action

Dopamine antagonists can increase prolactin and milk production. Dopamine agonists reduce prolactin and suppress lactation.

Indications

Support of low milk supply when non-drug measures are insufficient
Suppression of lactation when medically indicated
Management of hyperprolactinemia with dopamine agonists

Side Effects / Adverse Effects

Metoclopramide: fatigue, diarrhea, depression, extrapyramidal symptoms
Domperidone: QT prolongation risk
Cabergoline/bromocriptine: nausea, dizziness, hypotension
Possible mood changes

Contraindications

History of depression or movement disorder with metoclopramide use
QT prolongation or interacting drugs with domperidone
Uncontrolled hypertension or serious cardiac disease with dopamine agonists
Medication-specific allergy

Nursing Considerations

Assess feeding technique, latch, hydration, and pumping routine before relying on medication
Review maternal conditions and infant safety considerations
Monitor mood, neurologic symptoms, and cardiac risk factors
Teach that medication works best with frequent milk removal
Encourage lactation consultant support

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Disclaimer: PharmPal Nurse is for education only and is not medical advice. Do not use it to diagnose, treat, prescribe, or make patient-care decisions; always verify with current drug references, your instructor, facility policy, and a licensed provider. In emergencies, call local emergency services.