Fertility Medications

Maternity & Reproductive

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Examples

clomipheneletrozolemenotropinschorionic gonadotropin

Prefix / Suffix: -tropin for some gonadotropins

Physiology

Ovulation depends on coordinated hypothalamic, pituitary, and ovarian hormone signaling. Fertility medications stimulate follicle development or trigger ovulation when natural signaling is inadequate.

Mechanism of Action

Agents may block estrogen feedback to increase FSH/LH, directly provide gonadotropins, or mimic LH to trigger ovulation.

Indications

Anovulation or oligo-ovulation
Polycystic ovary syndrome-related infertility
Assisted reproductive technology protocols
Ovulation induction with specialist monitoring

Side Effects / Adverse Effects

Hot flashes, mood changes, bloating
Ovarian enlargement or pelvic pain
Multiple gestation
Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome with severe bloating, weight gain, dyspnea

Contraindications

Pregnancy
Unexplained abnormal uterine bleeding
Ovarian cyst not related to PCOS
Uncontrolled thyroid/adrenal disease
Hormone-sensitive cancers depending on agent

Nursing Considerations

Confirm pregnancy test is negative before starting as ordered
Teach exact cycle days and dosing schedule
Monitor for ovarian hyperstimulation symptoms and report rapid weight gain or shortness of breath
Discuss multiple pregnancy risk
Coordinate labs and ultrasound monitoring when prescribed

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Disclaimer: PharmPal Nurse is for education only and is not medical advice. Do not use it to diagnose, treat, prescribe, or make patient-care decisions; always verify with current drug references, your instructor, facility policy, and a licensed provider. In emergencies, call local emergency services.