GI

Prokinetics

Gastrointestinal

Mark this drug class

Examples

metoclopramide

Prefix / Suffix: No consistent suffix

Physiology

GI motility moves contents through the digestive tract. Slowed motility leads to gastroparesis, reflux, and nausea.

Mechanism of Action

They block dopamine receptors and stimulate acetylcholine release, increasing GI motility and gastric emptying.

Indications

  • Gastroparesis (especially diabetic)
  • GERD
  • Nausea and vomiting

Side Effects / Adverse Effects

  • Extrapyramidal symptoms (tremor, dystonia, tardive dyskinesia)
  • Drowsiness
  • Diarrhea
  • Restlessness

Contraindications

  • GI obstruction or perforation
  • Parkinson's disease
  • Seizure disorders

Nursing Considerations

  • Give 30 minutes before meals and at bedtime (improves gastric emptying)
  • Monitor for extrapyramidal symptoms (tardive dyskinesia is irreversible — black box warning)
  • Limit use to less than 12 weeks when possible (reduces tardive dyskinesia risk)
  • Assess for relief of nausea and reflux

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Disclaimer: PharmPal Nurse is for education only and is not medical advice. Do not use it to diagnose, treat, prescribe, or make patient-care decisions; always verify with current drug references, your instructor, facility policy, and a licensed provider. In emergencies, call local emergency services.