Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)

Gastrointestinal

Mark this drug class

Examples

omeprazolepantoprazoleesomeprazolelansoprazole

Prefix / Suffix: -prazole

Physiology

The stomach's parietal cells secrete hydrochloric acid via the H+/K+ ATPase (proton pump). Excess acid contributes to ulcers and GERD.

Mechanism of Action

They irreversibly inhibit the H+/K+ ATPase (proton pump) in gastric parietal cells, dramatically reducing acid secretion.

Indications

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
Peptic ulcer disease
H. pylori eradication (with antibiotics)
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
Stress ulcer prophylaxis

Side Effects / Adverse Effects

Headache
Diarrhea or constipation
Hypomagnesemia (long-term use)
Increased risk of C. difficile infection (reduced gastric acid barrier)
Increased risk of fractures (long-term — calcium absorption)
Vitamin B12 deficiency (long-term use)

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity

Nursing Considerations

Give 30–60 minutes before meals (most effective on empty stomach)
Do not crush enteric-coated tablets (would be destroyed by stomach acid)
Monitor for long-term side effects: magnesium, B12, bone density
Assess relief of symptoms (effectiveness)
Educate on short-term use when possible (long-term use carries risks)

Ask PharmPal Nurse

Your AI tutor for Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)

Ask me anything about this drug class.

Disclaimer: PharmPal Nurse is for education only and is not medical advice. Do not use it to diagnose, treat, prescribe, or make patient-care decisions; always verify with current drug references, your instructor, facility policy, and a licensed provider. In emergencies, call local emergency services.