GI

Laxatives (Bulk, Osmotic, Stimulant, Softeners)

Gastrointestinal

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Examples

psyllium (bulk)polyethylene glycol (osmotic)bisacodyl (stimulant)docusate (softener)

Prefix / Suffix: No consistent suffix

Physiology

Constipation results from slow transit, hard stool, or reduced water in the colon. Different laxatives address each cause.

Mechanism of Action

Bulk-forming: absorb water to add fiber and bulk. Osmotic: pull water into the bowel. Stimulant: irritate the bowel wall to increase peristalsis. Stool softeners: allow water and fat to mix into stool.

Indications

  • Constipation
  • Bowel preparation (osmotic — colonoscopy)
  • Prevention of straining (post-MI, post-surgery — softeners)

Side Effects / Adverse Effects

  • Abdominal cramping
  • Diarrhea (overuse)
  • Electrolyte imbalance (osmotic, stimulant)
  • Dependence (stimulant, with chronic use)

Contraindications

  • Bowel obstruction
  • Acute abdominal pain of unknown cause
  • Appendicitis

Nursing Considerations

  • Give bulk-forming with full glass of water (prevents esophageal obstruction)
  • Encourage fluid intake and fiber (supports laxative action)
  • Avoid long-term stimulant use (causes dependence)
  • Monitor electrolytes with osmotic laxatives
  • Assess bowel patterns (effectiveness)

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Disclaimer: PharmPal Nurse is for education only and is not medical advice. Do not use it to diagnose, treat, prescribe, or make patient-care decisions; always verify with current drug references, your instructor, facility policy, and a licensed provider. In emergencies, call local emergency services.