GI

Cytoprotective Agents (Mucosal Protectants)

Gastrointestinal

Mark this drug class

Examples

sucralfatebismuth subsalicylate

Prefix / Suffix: No consistent suffix

Physiology

The gastric mucosa has a protective barrier. When damaged, ulcers form. Cytoprotective agents reinforce this barrier.

Mechanism of Action

Sucralfate forms a sticky gel that adheres to ulcer sites, creating a protective barrier. Bismuth coats the mucosa and has antibacterial action against H. pylori.

Indications

  • Peptic ulcer disease
  • Stress ulcer prevention
  • H. pylori (bismuth, in combination)

Side Effects / Adverse Effects

  • Constipation (sucralfate)
  • Black stools and tongue (bismuth — harmless but alarming)
  • Nausea

Contraindications

  • Renal failure (sucralfate — aluminum content)

Nursing Considerations

  • Give sucralfate on empty stomach, 1 hour before meals (forms barrier on ulcer site)
  • Separate from other meds by 2 hours (reduces absorption of other drugs)
  • Educate on harmless black stool with bismuth
  • Avoid bismuth with aspirin allergy (contains salicylate)
  • Assess for symptom improvement

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Disclaimer: PharmPal Nurse is for education only and is not medical advice. Do not use it to diagnose, treat, prescribe, or make patient-care decisions; always verify with current drug references, your instructor, facility policy, and a licensed provider. In emergencies, call local emergency services.