Sulfonylureas

Endocrine & Metabolic

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Examples

glipizideglyburideglimepiride

Prefix / Suffix: gli-

Physiology

In type 2 diabetes, beta cells still produce some insulin. Sulfonylureas stimulate that release.

Mechanism of Action

Stimulate insulin release from pancreatic beta cells by closing ATP-sensitive potassium channels.

Indications

Type 2 diabetes (add-on or alternative to metformin)

Side Effects / Adverse Effects

Hypoglycemia (especially glyburide — long duration)
Weight gain
GI upset
Disulfiram-like reaction with alcohol (some)

Contraindications

Type 1 diabetes
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Sulfa allergy (caution)
Severe hepatic/renal impairment

Nursing Considerations

Take 30 minutes before meals (so insulin release matches food intake)
Monitor blood glucose — high hypoglycemia risk, especially in elderly
Teach signs of hypoglycemia and treatment
Avoid alcohol
Glyburide use cautiously in elderly (long duration → severe hypoglycemia)

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Disclaimer: PharmPal Nurse is for education only and is not medical advice. Do not use it to diagnose, treat, prescribe, or make patient-care decisions; always verify with current drug references, your instructor, facility policy, and a licensed provider. In emergencies, call local emergency services.