Sex Hormones — Progestins

Endocrine & Metabolic

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Examples

medroxyprogesterone (Depo-Provera)norethindronelevonorgestrel

Prefix / Suffix: -progest, -gestrel

Physiology

Progesterone prepares uterine lining for pregnancy and maintains it. Progestins also suppress ovulation.

Mechanism of Action

Bind progesterone receptors — suppress ovulation, alter cervical mucus, and stabilize endometrial lining.

Indications

Hormonal contraception
Hormone replacement therapy (with estrogen if uterus present)
Abnormal uterine bleeding
Endometriosis

Side Effects / Adverse Effects

Breakthrough bleeding, amenorrhea
Weight gain
Mood changes, depression
Bone density loss (Depo-Provera with long-term use)
Acne
Decreased libido

Contraindications

Pregnancy
Undiagnosed vaginal bleeding
History of breast cancer
Active thromboembolism

Nursing Considerations

Depo-Provera given IM every 3 months
Limit Depo-Provera to ≤2 years if possible (bone density loss)
Encourage calcium and vitamin D, weight-bearing exercise
Monitor mood — discontinue if significant depression
Educate about delayed return of fertility after Depo (up to 18 months)
Teach about menstrual changes (amenorrhea is common, not harmful)

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Disclaimer: PharmPal Nurse is for education only and is not medical advice. Do not use it to diagnose, treat, prescribe, or make patient-care decisions; always verify with current drug references, your instructor, facility policy, and a licensed provider. In emergencies, call local emergency services.