Sex Hormones — Estrogens

Endocrine & Metabolic

Mark this drug class

Examples

estradiolconjugated estrogens (Premarin)ethinyl estradiol (in OCPs)

Prefix / Suffix: estr-

Physiology

Estrogen regulates female reproductive system, bone density, and lipid metabolism. Levels decline at menopause.

Mechanism of Action

Bind estrogen receptors to maintain reproductive tissues, support bone density, and regulate menstrual cycle.

Indications

Menopausal hormone therapy (vasomotor symptoms)
Osteoporosis prevention
Hormonal contraception (combined with progestin)
Hypogonadism

Side Effects / Adverse Effects

Increased risk of thromboembolism (DVT, PE, stroke)
Increased risk of breast and endometrial cancer
Nausea, breast tenderness
Fluid retention
Hypertension

Contraindications

Pregnancy
History of breast or estrogen-dependent cancer
History of thromboembolism
Active liver disease
Smokers over 35 (especially with OCPs)

Nursing Considerations

Use lowest effective dose for shortest duration
Teach signs of thromboembolism: leg pain/swelling, chest pain, SOB, sudden vision changes
Discontinue 4 weeks before major surgery (DVT risk)
Add progestin if patient has uterus (prevents endometrial cancer)
Annual breast exam, mammogram, and pelvic exam
Avoid smoking

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Disclaimer: PharmPal Nurse is for education only and is not medical advice. Do not use it to diagnose, treat, prescribe, or make patient-care decisions; always verify with current drug references, your instructor, facility policy, and a licensed provider. In emergencies, call local emergency services.