Sex Hormones — Androgens

Endocrine & Metabolic

Mark this drug class

Examples

testosterone (gel, injection, patch)methyltestosterone

Prefix / Suffix: test-

Physiology

Testosterone supports male reproductive function, muscle mass, bone density, libido, and red blood cell production.

Mechanism of Action

Bind androgen receptors to promote male secondary sexual characteristics, anabolism, and erythropoiesis.

Indications

Male hypogonadism
Delayed puberty (males)
Hereditary angioedema
Some types of breast cancer (palliative)

Side Effects / Adverse Effects

Polycythemia (increased RBC, hematocrit)
Acne, oily skin
Aggression, mood changes
Gynecomastia (paradoxically)
Decreased sperm count, testicular atrophy
Hepatotoxicity (oral forms)
Increased prostate cancer risk
Cardiovascular events

Contraindications

Prostate or male breast cancer
Pregnancy (teratogenic)
Severe hepatic, renal, or cardiac disease

Nursing Considerations

Topical gels: apply to clean dry skin, avoid skin-to-skin contact (transfer to women/children)
Wash hands thoroughly after application
Monitor hematocrit (polycythemia), PSA, lipid panel, LFTs
Monitor BP
Educate about mood changes and aggression
Schedule III controlled substance — abuse potential
Not for performance enhancement

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Disclaimer: PharmPal Nurse is for education only and is not medical advice. Do not use it to diagnose, treat, prescribe, or make patient-care decisions; always verify with current drug references, your instructor, facility policy, and a licensed provider. In emergencies, call local emergency services.