CNS

CNS Stimulants

CNS Medications

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Examples

methylphenidate (Ritalin)amphetamine (Adderall)modafinilcaffeine

Prefix / Suffix: No consistent suffix

Physiology

Norepinephrine and dopamine in the CNS regulate attention, alertness, and wakefulness. Increasing their activity improves focus and reduces fatigue.

Mechanism of Action

Increase release and block reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine in the CNS, enhancing alertness, attention, and motor activity.

Indications

  • Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
  • Narcolepsy
  • Excessive daytime sleepiness

Side Effects / Adverse Effects

  • Insomnia, restlessness
  • Decreased appetite, weight loss
  • Tachycardia, hypertension
  • Dependence and abuse potential (Schedule II)
  • Growth suppression in children

Contraindications

  • Cardiovascular disease, hypertension
  • Hyperthyroidism
  • History of substance abuse
  • Anxiety disorders

Nursing Considerations

  • Give early in the day to prevent insomnia (last dose by mid-afternoon)
  • Monitor weight and growth in children (growth suppression)
  • Monitor heart rate and blood pressure regularly
  • Encourage scheduled meals — appetite suppression common
  • Schedule II controlled substance — secure storage and accurate count
  • Drug holidays may be used in children to assess need and growth

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Disclaimer: PharmPal Nurse is for education only and is not medical advice. Do not use it to diagnose, treat, prescribe, or make patient-care decisions; always verify with current drug references, your instructor, facility policy, and a licensed provider. In emergencies, call local emergency services.