Benzodiazepines

CNS Medications

Mark this drug class

Examples

diazepamlorazepammidazolamalprazolam

Prefix / Suffix: -pam, -lam

Physiology

GABA is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS. Enhancing GABA produces sedation, anxiolysis, and muscle relaxation.

Mechanism of Action

Bind GABA-A receptors, enhancing GABA's inhibitory effect by increasing chloride influx, leading to CNS depression.

Indications

Anxiety disorders
Status epilepticus and seizures
Alcohol withdrawal
Procedural sedation
Insomnia (short-term)

Side Effects / Adverse Effects

Sedation, drowsiness
Respiratory depression (especially with opioids/alcohol)
Confusion, ataxia (especially elderly)
Dependence and tolerance
Paradoxical agitation (rare)

Contraindications

Severe respiratory depression
Sleep apnea
Pregnancy (first trimester)
Narrow-angle glaucoma

Nursing Considerations

Monitor respiratory rate and level of consciousness
Have flumazenil available as reversal agent
Avoid combining with alcohol or opioids (additive CNS depression)
Taper slowly to discontinue (prevents withdrawal seizures)
Implement fall precautions, especially in elderly
Use lowest effective dose for shortest duration

Ask PharmPal Nurse

Your AI tutor for Benzodiazepines

Ask me anything about this drug class.

Disclaimer: PharmPal Nurse is for education only and is not medical advice. Do not use it to diagnose, treat, prescribe, or make patient-care decisions; always verify with current drug references, your instructor, facility policy, and a licensed provider. In emergencies, call local emergency services.