Thrombolytics

Cardiovascular

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Examples

alteplasestreptokinase

Prefix / Suffix: -plase

Physiology

Blood clots can block vessels and reduce blood flow. Thrombolytics dissolve existing clots.

Mechanism of Action

They convert plasminogen to plasmin, which breaks down fibrin and dissolves clots.

Indications

Acute ischemic stroke
Myocardial infarction
Pulmonary embolism

Side Effects / Adverse Effects

Severe bleeding (clot breakdown throughout body)
Intracranial hemorrhage (most serious complication)

Contraindications

Active bleeding
Recent surgery
History of hemorrhagic stroke

Nursing Considerations

Administer within time window — e.g., stroke within 3–4.5 hours (critical for effectiveness)
Monitor closely for bleeding, especially intracranial signs like headache or confusion (life-threatening complication)
Avoid invasive procedures (reduces bleeding risk)
Check coagulation profile before administration (ensures safety)

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