Cardiovascular

Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs)

Cardiovascular

Mark this drug class

Examples

losartanvalsartancandesartan

Prefix / Suffix: -sartan

Physiology

ARBs act on the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS). Angiotensin II normally binds to receptors on blood vessels causing vasoconstriction and stimulates aldosterone, leading to fluid retention. ARBs block this effect, so vessels relax and fluid retention decreases.

Mechanism of Action

They block angiotensin II receptors, preventing its action on blood vessels and adrenal glands. This results in vasodilation and reduced aldosterone secretion.

Indications

  • Hypertension
  • Heart failure
  • Diabetic nephropathy
  • Chronic kidney disease
  • Alternative for patients intolerant to ACE inhibitors

Side Effects / Adverse Effects

  • Hypotension (due to vasodilation)
  • Hyperkalemia (due to reduced aldosterone)
  • Dizziness
  • Renal impairment (especially in renal artery stenosis)
  • Angioedema (rare)

Contraindications

  • Pregnancy
  • Bilateral renal artery stenosis
  • Severe hyperkalemia

Nursing Considerations

  • Monitor blood pressure (risk of hypotension, especially at initiation)
  • Check serum potassium (risk of hyperkalemia and cardiac effects)
  • Monitor renal function (can reduce kidney perfusion in some patients)
  • Assess for dizziness (due to lowered BP)
  • Avoid potassium supplements (to prevent hyperkalemia)
  • Use as alternative if patient develops ACE inhibitor cough (ARBs do not increase bradykinin)

Ask PharmPal Nurse

Your AI tutor for Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs)

Ask me anything about this drug class.

Disclaimer: PharmPal Nurse is for education only and is not medical advice. Do not use it to diagnose, treat, prescribe, or make patient-care decisions; always verify with current drug references, your instructor, facility policy, and a licensed provider. In emergencies, call local emergency services.