Penicillins

Anti-Infectives

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Examples

amoxicillinampicillinpenicillin Gpiperacillin

Prefix / Suffix: -cillin

Physiology

Bacterial cell walls contain peptidoglycan, which gives them strength. Without it, bacteria rupture and die.

Mechanism of Action

They inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding penicillin-binding proteins, leading to cell lysis.

Indications

Respiratory tract infections
Skin and soft tissue infections
UTIs
Streptococcal infections

Side Effects / Adverse Effects

Allergic reactions (rash to anaphylaxis)
GI upset (nausea, diarrhea)
Superinfection (e.g., C. difficile)

Contraindications

Penicillin allergy
Severe renal impairment (dose adjust)

Nursing Considerations

Always assess for penicillin allergy before administration (risk of anaphylaxis)
Monitor for signs of allergic reaction for at least 30 minutes after first dose
Give on an empty stomach when possible (better absorption) — except amoxicillin
Complete the full course (prevents resistance)
Monitor for superinfection (oral thrush, C. diff diarrhea)

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Disclaimer: PharmPal Nurse is for education only and is not medical advice. Do not use it to diagnose, treat, prescribe, or make patient-care decisions; always verify with current drug references, your instructor, facility policy, and a licensed provider. In emergencies, call local emergency services.