Fluoroquinolones

Anti-Infectives

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Prefix / Suffix: -floxacin

Physiology

Bacteria need DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV to replicate DNA.

Mechanism of Action

They inhibit DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, preventing bacterial DNA replication (bactericidal).

Indications

UTIs
Respiratory infections
GI infections
Bone and joint infections

Side Effects / Adverse Effects

Tendon rupture (especially Achilles — black box warning)
QT prolongation
Photosensitivity
CNS effects (headache, dizziness, seizures)
C. difficile colitis

Contraindications

Children and adolescents (tendon/cartilage damage)
Pregnancy
Myasthenia gravis (worsens weakness)

Nursing Considerations

Monitor for tendon pain — stop drug immediately if it occurs (rupture risk)
Avoid antacids, iron, calcium, dairy within 2 hours (chelation)
Encourage fluids (prevents crystalluria)
Use sunscreen (photosensitivity)
Monitor blood glucose in diabetics (can cause hypo/hyperglycemia)

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Disclaimer: PharmPal Nurse is for education only and is not medical advice. Do not use it to diagnose, treat, prescribe, or make patient-care decisions; always verify with current drug references, your instructor, facility policy, and a licensed provider. In emergencies, call local emergency services.