Cephalosporins

Anti-Infectives

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Examples

cefazolinceftriaxonecefepimecephalexin

Prefix / Suffix: cef-/ceph-

Physiology

Like penicillins, cephalosporins target the bacterial cell wall. Generations differ in spectrum: later generations cover more gram-negative organisms.

Mechanism of Action

They inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis, similar to penicillins.

Indications

Respiratory infections
Skin infections
UTIs
Surgical prophylaxis
Meningitis (3rd/4th generation)

Side Effects / Adverse Effects

Allergic reactions (cross-sensitivity with penicillins)
GI upset
Nephrotoxicity (especially 1st generation)
Disulfiram-like reaction with alcohol (some)

Contraindications

Severe penicillin allergy (cross-reactivity)
Cephalosporin allergy

Nursing Considerations

Assess for penicillin/cephalosporin allergy (cross-sensitivity ~5–10%)
Avoid alcohol during and 72 hours after therapy (disulfiram-like reaction)
Monitor renal function (especially in elderly)
Monitor for superinfection
Give IM deep into large muscle (painful injection)

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Disclaimer: PharmPal Nurse is for education only and is not medical advice. Do not use it to diagnose, treat, prescribe, or make patient-care decisions; always verify with current drug references, your instructor, facility policy, and a licensed provider. In emergencies, call local emergency services.