Antiviral Agents

Anti-Infectives

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Examples

acycloviroseltamivir (Tamiflu)valacyclovirzidovudine

Prefix / Suffix: -vir

Physiology

Viruses use host cell machinery to replicate. Antivirals target viral enzymes (e.g., DNA polymerase, neuraminidase).

Mechanism of Action

They inhibit viral replication by blocking viral enzymes such as DNA polymerase or neuraminidase.

Indications

Herpes simplex (HSV)
Varicella-zoster (shingles, chickenpox)
Influenza
HIV
Hepatitis B and C

Side Effects / Adverse Effects

Nephrotoxicity (especially IV acyclovir)
GI upset (nausea, vomiting)
Headache
Bone marrow suppression (some antivirals)

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity
Severe renal impairment (dose adjust)

Nursing Considerations

Encourage fluid intake (prevents nephrotoxicity, especially IV acyclovir)
Start treatment as early as possible (within 48–72 hours for best effect)
Monitor renal function
Teach patient antivirals don't cure — they reduce severity/duration
Use barrier precautions for herpes (still contagious during outbreaks)

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Disclaimer: PharmPal Nurse is for education only and is not medical advice. Do not use it to diagnose, treat, prescribe, or make patient-care decisions; always verify with current drug references, your instructor, facility policy, and a licensed provider. In emergencies, call local emergency services.